Articles in peer-reviewed journals
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83. Loos, H. M., Schaal, B., Pause, B. M., Smeets, M. A. M., Ferdenzi, C., Roberts, S. C., de Groot, J., Lübke, K. T., Croy, I., Freiherr, J., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., & Havlíček, J. (2025). Past, present, and future of human chemical communication research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 20, 20-44. DOI: 10.1177/17456916231188147 (open access)
82. Lübke, K. T., Storch, D., & Pause, B. M. (2024). Sexual orientation affects neural responses to subtle social aggression signals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 53, 153-175. DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02661-z (open access)
81. Gomes, N., Pause, B. M., Smeets, M. A. M., & Semin, G. R. (2023). Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions? Chemical Senses, 48. DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad016
80. Lübke, K. T., Blum, T. C., & Pause, B. M. (2022). Reading the mind through the nose: Mentalizing skills predict olfactory performance. Brain Sciences, 12(5), 644. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050644 (open access)
79. Pause, B. M., Schäfer, A. S., Hoenen, M., Lübke, K. T., & Stockhorst, U. (2021). You see what you smell: Preferential processing of chemosensory satiety cues and its impact on body shape perception. Brain Sciences, 11(9), 1152. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091152 (open access)
78. Meister, L., & Pause, B. M. (2021). It's trust or risk? Chemosensory anxiety signals affect bargaining in women. Biological Psychology, 162, 108114. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108114
77. Gamsakhurdashvili, D., Antov, M. I., Lübke, K. T., Pause, B. M., & Stockhorst, U. (2021). The role of olfaction and sex-hormone status in empathy-related measures. Physiology & Behavior, 230, 113289. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113289
76. Pause, B. M., Storch, D., & Lübke, K. T. (2020). Chemosensory communication of aggression: Women’s fine-tuned neural processing of male aggression signals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375, 20190270. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0270
75. Waldmann, S., Lübke, K. T., Pentzek, M., & Pause, B. M. (2020). Störungen des Geruchssinns: Psychiatrisch-neurologische Bezüge und Diagnostik. Fortschritte der Neurologie: Psychiatrie, 88, 184-193. DOI: 10.1055/a-1003-6798
74. Körner, L., Schaper, M.-L., Pause, B. M., & Heil, M. (2020). Parent-reports of sex-typed play preferences in preschool children: Relationship to 2D:4D digit ratio and older siblings' sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior. DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01662-6 (open access)
73. Lübke, K. T., Sachse, C., Hoenen, M., & Pause, B. M. (2020). Mu‑suppression as an indicator of empathic processes in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49, 635-644. DOI:10.1007/s10508-019-01491-2 (open access)
72. Körner, L., Pause, B. M., Meinlschmidt, G., Tegethoff, M., Fröhlich, S., Kozlowski, P., Rivet, N., Jamey, C., Reix, N., Kintz, P., Raul, J.-S., & Heil, M. (2019). Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with delay of gratification and attention problems/overactive behavior in 3-year-old boys. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104, 49-54. DOI:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.014
71. Hoenen, M., Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2018). Empathic cognitions affected by undetectable social chemosignals: An EEG study on visually evoked empathy for pain in an auditory and chemosensory context. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12 (243). DOI:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00243 (open access)
70. Hoenen, M., Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2017). Sensitivity of the human mirror neuron system for abstract traces of actions: An EEG-study. Biological Psychology, 124, 57-64. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.010
69. Hoenen, M., Wolf, O. T., & Pause, B. M. (2017). The impact of stress on odor perception. Perception, 46, 366-376. DOI:10.1016/S0950-3293(03)00041-7
68. Lübke, K. T., Busch, A., Hoenen, M., Schaal, B., & Pause, B. M. (2017). Pregnancy reduces the perception of anxiety. Scientific Reports, 7 (9213). DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-07985-0 (open access)
67. Lübke, K. T., Busch, A., Hoenen, M., Schaal, B., & Pause, B. M. (2017). Chemosensory anxiety signals prime defensive behavior in prepubertal girls. Physiology & Behavior, 173, 30-33. DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.035
66. Coppin, G., Parma, V., & Pause, B. M. (2016). Editorial: Affective sciences through the chemical senses. Frontiers in Psychology, 7 (1590). DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01590 (open access)
65. Herten, N., Otto, T., Adolph, D., Pause, B. M., Kumsta, R., & Wolf, O. T. (2016). Enhanced startle responsivity 24 hours after acute stress exposure. Behavioral Neuroscience, 120, 521-530. DOI:10.1037/bne0000156
64. Hoenen, M., Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2016). Non-anthropomorphic robots as social entities on a neurophysiological level. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 182-186. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.034
63. Hoenen, M., Müller, K., Pause, B. M., & Lübke, K. T. (2016). Fancy citrus, feel good: Positive judgment of citrus odor, but not the odor itself, is associated with elevated mood during experienced helplessness. Frontiers in Psychology, 7 (74). DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00074 (open access)
62. Hoenen, M., Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2015). Somatosensory mu activity reflects imagined pain intensity of others. Psychophysiology, 52, 1551-1558. DOI:10.1111/psyp.12522
61. Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2015). Always follow your nose: The functional significance of social chemosignals in human reproduction and survival. Hormones and Behavior, 68, 134-144. DOI:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.10.001
60. Moran, J. K., Dietrich, D. R., Elbert, T., Pause, B. M., Kübler, L., & Weierstall, R. (2015). The scent of blood: A driver of human behavior? PLoS ONE, 10 (9), e0137777. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0137777 (open access)
59. Patin, A., & Pause, B. M. (2015). Human amygdala activations during nasal chemoreception. Neuropsychologia, 78, 171-194. DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.009
58. Lübke, K. T., Croy, I., Hoenen, M., Gerber, J., Pause, B. M., & Hummel T. (2014). Does human body odor represent a significant and rewarding social signal to individuals high in social openness? PLoS ONE, 9 (4), e94314. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0094314 (open access)
57. Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2014). Sex-hormone dependent perception of androstenone suggest its involvement in communicating competition and aggression. Physiology & Behavior, 123, 136-141. DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.016
56. Lübke, K. T., & Pause, B. M. (2014). Corrigendum to “Sex-hormone dependent perception of androstenone suggests its involvement in communicating competition and aggression” [Physiol Behav 123 (2014) 136-141]. Physiology & Behavior, 128, 52-53. DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.001
55. Schablitzky, S., & Pause, B. M. (2014). Sadness might isolate you in a non-smelling world: Olfactory perception and depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 (45). DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00045 (open access)
54. Adolph, D., Meister, L., & Pause B. M. (2013). Context counts! Social anxiety modulates the processing of fearful faces in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7 (283). DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00283 (open access)
53. Hoenen, M., Schain, C., & Pause, B. M. (2013). Down-modulation of mu-activity through empathic top-down processes. Social Neuroscience, 8, 515-524. DOI:10.1080/17470919.2013.833550
52. Kinugawa, K., Schumm, S., Pollina, M., Depre, M., Jungbluth, C., Doulazmi, M., Sebban, C., Zlomuzica, A., Pietrowsky, R., Pause, B. M., Mariani, J., & Dere, E. (2013). Aging-related episodic memory decline: Are emotions the key? Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7 (2). DOI:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00002
51. Pause, B. M., Zlomuzica, A., Kinugawa, K., Mariani, J., Pietrowsky, R., & Dere, E. (2013). Perspectives on episodic-like and episodic memory. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7 (33). DOI:10.3389/fnbeh2013.00033 (open access)
50. Adolph, D., & Pause, B. M. (2012). Different time course of emotion regulation towards odors and pictures: Are odors more potent than pictures? Biological Psychology, 91, 65-73. DOI:10.1016.j.biopsycho.2012.05.003
49. Lübke, K., Gottschlich, M., Gerber, J., Pause, B. M., & Hummel, T. (2012). No effects of handedness on passive processing of olfactory stimuli: An fMRI study. Chemosensory Perception, 5, 22-26. DOI:10.1007/s12078-011-9115-3
48. Lübke, K. T., Hoenen, M., & Pause, B. M. (2012). Differential processing of social chemosignals obtained from potential partners in regards to gender and sexual orientation. Behavioural Brain Research, 228, 375-387. DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.12.018
47. Pause, B. M. (2012). Processing of body odor signals by the human brain. Chemosensory Perception, 5, 55-63. DOI:10.1007/s12078-011-9108-2
46. Weierstall, R., & Pause, B. M. (2012). Development of a 15-item odour discrimination test (Düsseldorf Odour Discrimination Test). Perception, 41, 193-203. DOI:10.1068/p7113
45. Adolph, D., Schlösser, S., Hawighorst, M., & Pause, B. M. (2010). Chemosensory signals of competition increase the skin conductance response in humans. Physiology & Behavior, 101, 666-671. DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.004
44. Dere, E., Pause, B. M., & Pietrowsky, R. (2010). Emotion and episodic memory in neuropsychiatric disorders. Behavioural Brain Research, 215, 162-171. DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.03.017
43. Pause, B. M., Jungbluth, C., Adolph, D., Pietrowsky, R., & Dere, E. (2010). Induction and measurement of episodic memories in healthy adults. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 189, 88-96. DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.016
42. Pause, B. M., Lübke, K., Laudien, J. H., & Ferstl, R. (2010). Intensified neuronal investment in the processing of chemosensory anxiety signals in non-socially anxious and socially anxious individuals. PLoS ONE, 5 (4): e10342. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0010342 (open access)
41. Lübke, K., Schablitzky, S., & Pause, B. M. (2009). Male sexual orientation affects sensitivity to androstenone. Chemosensory Perception, 2, 154-160. DOI:10.1007/s12078-009-9047-3
40. Pause, B. M., Adolph, D., Prehn-Kristensen, A., & Ferstl, R. (2009). Startle response potentiation to chemosensory anxiety signals in socially anxious individuals. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 74, 88-92. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.07.008
39. Prehn-Kristensen, A., Wiesner, C., Bergmann, T. O., Wolff, S., Jansen, O., Mehdorn, H. M., Ferstl, R., & Pause, B. M. (2009). Induction of empathy by the smell of anxiety. PLoS ONE, 4 (6), e5987. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0005987 (open access)
38. Laudien, J .H., Wencker, S., Ferstl, R., & Pause, B. M. (2008). Context effects on odor processing: An event-related potential study. NeuroImage, 41, 1426-1436. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.046
37. Pause, B. M., Hellmann, G., Göder, R., Aldenhoff, J. B., & Ferstl, R. (2008). Increased processing speed for emotionally negative odors in schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 70, 16-22. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.04.003
36. Laudien, J. H., Küster, D., Sojka, B., Ferstl, R., & Pause, B. M. (2006). Central odor processing in subjects experiencing helplessness. Brain Research, 1120, 141-150. DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.090
35. Pause, B. M., Krauel, K., Schrader, C., Sojka, B., Westphal, E., Müller-Ruchholtz, W., & Ferstl, R. (2006). The human brain is a detector of chemosensorily transmitted HLA-class I-similarity in same- and opposite-sex relations. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 273, 471-478. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2005.3342
34. Prehn, A., Ohrt, A., Sojka, B., Ferstl, R., & Pause, B. M. (2006). Chemosensory anxiety signals augment the startle reflex in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 394, 127-130. DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.012
33. Pause, B. M., Lembcke, J., Reese, I., Hinze-Selch, D., Aldenhoff, J. B., & Ferstl, R. (2005). Reduzierte geruchliche Sensitivität bei Psychopharmaka-freien Patienten mit Major Depression. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 34, 79-85. DOI:10.1026/1616-3443.34.2.79
32. Pause, B. M. (2004). Are androgen steroids acting as pheromones in humans? Physiology & Behavior, 83, 21-29. DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.07.019
31. Pause, B. M. (2004). Is the human skin a pheromone-producing organ? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3, 223-228. DOI:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00106.x
30. Pause, B. M. (2004). Veränderungen der Geruchswahrnehmung - Indiz einer neurologischen oder psychiatrischen Erkrankung? Unterricht Biologie, 295, 5. PDF
29. Pause, B. M., Ohrt, A., Prehn, A., & Ferstl, R. (2004). Positive emotional priming of facial affect perception in females is diminished by chemosensory anxiety signals. Chemical Senses, 29, 797-805. DOI:10.1093/chemse/bjh245
28. Heckmann, M., Teichmann, B., Pause, B. M., & Plewig, G. (2003). Amelioration of body odor after intracutaneous axillary injection of Botulinum toxin A. Archives of Dermatology, 139, 57-59. DOI:10.1001/archderm.139.1.57
27. Pause, B. M., Raack, N., Sojka, B., Göder, R., Aldenhoff, J. B., & Ferstl, R. (2003). Convergent and divergent effects of odors and emotions in depression. Psychophysiology, 40, 209-225. DOI:10.1111/1469-8986.00023
26. Heckmann, M., Plewig, G., & Pause, B. M. (2002). Botulinum toxin, sweating, and body odor. New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 620-621. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200208223470819
25. Daniels, C., Gottwald, B., Pause, B. M., Sojka, B., Mehdorn, H. M., & Ferstl, R. (2001). Olfactory event-related potentials in patients with brain tumors. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 1523-1530. DOI:10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00590-9
24. Pause, B. M., Miranda, A., Göder, R., Aldenhoff, J. B., & Ferstl, R. (2001). Reduced olfactory performance in patients with Major Depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 35, 271-277. DOI:10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00029-2
23. Pause, B. M., & Krauel, K. (2000). Chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP) as a key to the psychology of odors. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36, 105-122. DOI:10.1016/S0167-8760(99)00105-1
22. Pause, B. M., Miranda, A., Nysterud, M., & Ferstl, R. (2000). Geruchs- und emotionale Reizbewertung bei Patienten mit Major Depression. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 29, 16-23. DOI: 10.1026//0084-5345.29.1.16
21. Krauel, K., Schott, P., Sojka, B., Pause, B. M., & Ferstl, R. (1999). Is there a mismatch negativity analogue in the olfactory event-related potential? Journal of Psychophysiology, 13, 49-55. DOI: 10.1027//0269-8803.13.1.49
20. Möller, R., Pause, B. M., & Ferstl, R. (1999). Induzierbarkeit geruchlicher Sensitivität durch Duft-Exposition bei Personen mit spezifischer Anosmie. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 46, 53-71. DOI:10.1026//0949-3964.46.1.53
19. Pause, B. M., Krauel, K., Sojka, B., & Ferstl, R. (1999). Body odor evoked potentials: A new method to study the chemosensory perception of self and non-self in humans. Genetica, 104, 285-294. DOI:10.1023/A:1026462701154
18. Pause, B. M., Krauel, K., Sojka, B., & Ferstl, R. (1999). Is odor processing related to oral breathing? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 32, 251-260. DOI:10.1016/S0167-8760(99)00020-3
17. Pause, B. M., Rogalski, K. P., Sojka, B., & Ferstl, R. (1999). Sensitivity to androstenone in female subjects is associated with an altered brain response to male body odor. Physiology & Behavior, 68, 129-137. DOI:10.1016/S0031-9384(99)00158-4
16. Krauel, K., Pause, B. M., Sojka, B., Schott, P., & Ferstl, R. (1998). Attentional modulation of central odor processing. Chemical Senses, 23, 423-432. DOI:10.1093/chemse/23.4.423
15. Pause, B. M., Ferstl, R., & Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G. (1998). Personality and olfactory sensitivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 510-518. DOI:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2228
14. Pause, B. M., & Krauel, K. (1998). Smelling without attending? The Aroma-Chology Review, 7, 4-6.
13. Eikmann, T., Herr, C., Gieler, U., Drexler, H., Küchenhoff, J., Pause, B. M., Petereit-Wolf, G., Letzel, S., Fischer, A. B., & Sigloch, E. (1997). Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS): Thesenpapiere. Forschungsansatz auf der Basis klinischer Befunde und Diagnosen. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis, 2, 101-105.
12. Pause, B. M. (1997). Die psychologischen Grundlagen der Parfümerie. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 44, 357-359.
11. Pause, B. M., Haberkorn, K., Eggert, F., Müller-Ruchholtz, W., Bestmann, H. J., & Ferstl, R. (1997). Fractionation and bioassay of human odortypes. Physiology & Behavior, 61, 957-961. DOI:10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00013-9
10. Pause, B. M., Sojka, B., & Ferstl, R. (1997). Central processing of odor concentration is a temporal phenomenon as revealed by chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP). Chemical Senses, 22, 9-26 .DOI:10.1093/chemse/22.1.9
9. Pause, B. M., Drews, C., Scherhag, C., Pohl, J., Pietrowsky, R., Ferstl, R., Schulte, H., & Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G. (1996). Analgesic effect of ceruletide in men is limited to specific pain qualities. Physiology & Behavior, 59, 1025-1031. DOI:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02230-9
8. Pause, B. M., Sojka, B., Krauel, K., Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G., & Ferstl, R. (1996). Olfactory information processing during the course of the menstrual cycle. Biological Psychology, 44, 31-54. DOI:10.1016/S0301-0511(96)05207-6
7. Pause, B. M., Sojka, B., Krauel, K., & Ferstl, R. (1996). The nature of the late positive complex within the olfactory event related potential (OERP). Psychophysiology, 33, 376-384. DOI:10.1016/S0301-0511(96)05207-6
6. Pohl, J., Arnold, H., Schulz, A., Pause, B. M., Schulte, H., & Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G. (1996). Modulation of pain perception in man by a vasopressin analogue. Peptides, 17, 641-647. DOI:10.1016/0196-9781(96)00034-4
5. Pause, B. M. (1995). The scent of eros. Mysteries of odor in human sexuality. Sexuologie, 2, 364-366.
4. Pause, B., & Lembke, J. (1993). Comparative examination of anti-caries effect of cheeses. II. Results and conclusions. Milchwissenschaft, 48, 137- 141.
3. Pause, B., & Lembke, J. (1992). Comparative examination of anti-caries effect of cheeses. I. Materials and methods. Milchwissenschaft, 47, 697-700.
2. Lembke, A., & Pause, B. (1989). Über die kariostatische Wirksamkeit der D(+)-Galaktose. Zeitschrift für Stomatologie, 86, 179-189.
1. Lembke, A., Alsen-Hinrichs, C., & Pause, B. (1988). Über die Wirkung von Kalziumphosphat und Kalziumlaktat in süßen Brotaufstrichen auf die experimentelle Karies der Wistar-Ratte. Zeitschrift für Stomatologie, 85, 251 -261.